According to the Federal Highway Administration, there are more than 3.9 million miles of roadway in the United States and in some areas, as much as 70% of that road mileage is unpaved. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report states that unpaved roads, some of which can cover a wide range of compositions from compacted dirt to shale/slate to gravel, are responsible for more than 10 million tons of particulate matter emissions each year. An effective dust control innovation is necessary to prevent particulate matter from being disturbed and released into the air.
Airborne particulate matter can pose health hazards for humans. Studies have shown that particulate matter can contain at least 20 human allergens, including moulds and pollen, that can be stirred up from paved roads by traffic. The results would undoubtedly be similar, if not worse on unpaved road surfaces.
Short-term exposure to road dust is unlikely to cause significant harm, but continuous and persistent exposure can lead to serious and lasting effects.
Road dust consists of fine particles suspended in the air, generated primarily from the wear and tear of vehicles on asphalt, concrete, and especially unpaved gravel roads. Particles that are larger than 2.5 microns can irritate the upper respiratory system, while smaller particles can penetrate deeper into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, potentially causing significant damage.
A recent study by the Miami University in Ohio determined that metal pollution can linger in road sediments for years after industrial activities, revealing hazardous substances like lead and hexavalent chromium from sources such as old traffic paint. These pollutants can lead to serious health issues, including neurological problems and increased risks of asthma, kidney damage, cancer, and reproductive issues. Prolonged exposure to road dust can also result in irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory system, as well as various lung diseases.
Wildlife and animals are also affected affected by the health impacts of road dust, along with the broader environment and ecosystems. Research indicates that dust accumulation on leaves raises temperatures and accelerates water loss, while reducing carbon dioxide uptake. This can result in chronic declines in photosynthesis and plant growth, ultimately leading to erosion due to insufficient stabilizing vegetation.
In this article in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the impact of airborne dust is examined along with possible solutions for road dust suppression. DUST/BLOKR® was featured as the solution of choice to help in mitigating the risks posed by airborne dust.
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